Tuesday, March 10, 2015

Communication For Those Without A Voice

By Kylie Campanelli

Animal rights are an issue very near and dear to my heart. I have always been an animal lover, and quite frankly, cannot understand when people say they do not also love animals. It is a great shame that animals are so commonly only valued for their usefulness to humans, because they have so many benefits to the ecosystems and environment around us. As a devout vegan and “cruelty-freeadvocate, I am constantly looking for ways to show others the light and positivity in my beliefs, and how practices such as these better the world as a whole. When I talk to people about these sort of things they usually are either completely empathetic or immediately on the defense. I find in their responses that there is either a complete indifference to the way animals are treated, a lot of sympathy and respect for them, or a pompous outlook that all other beings besides humans are inferior.  While I do believe there is some truth to the idea of a “rank of hierarchy” among the species of the world, I further believe that each and every life is sacred and every organism should be treated with respect. I believe it is important for us to co-exist peacefully with all of the live forms around us, meaning a positive regard for animals is key.

There are numerous aspects that contribute to the way we view animals and how we treat them. Our attitudes are compiled from our teachings, our past experiences, and the way the media and outside world portrays them to us. If you look closely at the thousands of advertisements constantly surrounding you, you may be greatly surprised at how often animals are utilized to convey their desired message.  We are constantly being fed ideas and different viewpoints about other species, and we may not even realize, but it effects how we treat them and scale their value. We can find these messages in books, movies, and various other sources of literature and media, and they are each variably effective at delivering different messages.

Growing up, there were always animals in my home. I believe because of this I always had a positive outlook on them, but it wasn’t until I was much older did I become aware of the way many animals are treated in society. In the novel Communicating Nature author Julia B. Corbett argues that the presence of animals around adolescents as they grow up is very influential on their view of them. When I was young, I always wanted to go to the circus because elephants were my favorite, but I didn’t know that by going to the circus I was supporting the people who put them in chains and forced them to perform. It wasn’t clear to me that the elephants were suffering, because the circus ads made it seem like great fun that the elephants were enjoying too. I mean they were standing on their heads and throwing a ball around, that’s totally fun, right? Wrong. This was complete animal abuse. This is an example of the idea Corbett presents of “using nature as a shorthand.” The elephants were being used as a selling tool. The circus company was using the common love for elephants to sell their tickets, and using the animals as their own playthings. People think of elephants as huge, majestic creatures that are found far away in the wild that many would never get the chance to see up close. The circus gives you a chance not only to see them up close, but to watch them do tricks! This was for a very long time a very good marketing strategy for circuses; however, the common view of them is beginning to change.

Recently, animal advocacy has become more popular. In the case of the circus elephant, protests and petitions have lobbied with Ringling Bros., one of the biggest circuses in America, and have convinced them to stop using elephants for performance. In an articled titled Novelists Applaud Ringling Bro.’s Decision to Stop Using Elephants, written by Ron Charles and published in The Washington Post this past Tuesday, Ringling Bros. promised to stop using all elephants currently in their possession by 2018 and to not purchase any more. The elephants already existing within the circus will live out the rest of their lives in a preserve where they will never be forced to perform again. This was a humungous win for animal rights activists and elephants everywhere. It is the direct result of effective positive communication. Had the population of people lobbying for change not existed and shared their message, one can assume elephants for generations to come would be subjected to a circus life of shame and abuse. It is interesting to see how the switch in public opinion occurred from loving elephants in the circus to hating them there, and we can see the power of the people’s voice. Another example being, the movie How I Became an Elephant, produced in 2012, which delivered a similar message about the treatment of elephants. Following a young girls journey to South East Asia in order to team up with The Elephant Lady and learn about saving the elephant population, How I Became an Elephant was moving and sparked change and a huge reaction with it’s hard-hitting and devastating footage. Just like the circus protesting, this movie moved people to make a difference. This has all contributed to the change in public regard for elephants. Every time an article, advertisement, picture, or any other type of media was produced supporting the freeing and ethical treatment of circus elephants, the conversation changed and new action resulted from it.

Elephants are not the only animals that have been subjected to such exploitation or cruel treatment. The Cove, a documentary that is also very meaningful to me, covers an issue of this sort. Centered on the regular dolphin slaughtering’s that happen on account of Japanese hunting practices, The Cove is told from a marine biologist’s point of view. A group of animal activists, including former actor Rick O’Barry who before realizing the mistake in it, originally helped capture the first five dolphins ever in captivity, travel to Japan in hopes of filming the slaughterings and sharing it with the rest of the world. The team certainly finds what they were looking for. Shortly after arriving in Japan they find the place of such slaughtering’s, a cove off the coast of Taiji, Wakayama, Japan. After numerous run-ins with Japanese officials, the team is warned that if they are caught filming what happens in the secret cove they will be arrested. The team then decides to venture into the cove under the fall of night to place secret cameras in the rocks. The cameras capture a typical day’s slaughtering the next day and the team watches it from their computers. The footage is horrifying. Dolphins are herded into the cove by boats, separating mothers, children, and families, and are stabbed by fisherman with tritons until they either die or bleed out too much and can not fight back. They are then rounded up in the boats and taken away to be sold to the rest of the Japanese population to eat. After the killings, the entire cove is a deep red from the blood of the dolphins.

The scene was one of the most tragic things I had ever personally seen. But this is why The Cove was so effective at communicating its message. Yes, it is not hard to convince people that something is bad when it is already very obviously downright horrific, but to present such real, hard-hitting evidence is what makes people pay attention. It sparked emotion within the viewer. It appealed to something other than just logic, which I think is very important when it comes to discussions on animal rights. So often people will look at animals for their numerical value, such as saying well, its okay that these dolphins are dying because the numbers aren’t detrimental. However, when you see the actions that are leading to these dolphins’ deaths, like the red water or the crying of mothers as their babies are harpooned, it changes your view. Bottom line being, if someone had simply published a paper on statistical facts relating to dolphin populations and their importance in the ecosystem, hardly any people would listen and even fewer would act, but if you instead produce a movie like The Cove, things happen.

Romanticizing animals is another strategy I think that makes people feel more sympathetic to their situations. I do not mean just giving animals human characteristics or classifying them by the cultural associations and values, as discussed in Communicating Nature where Corbett explains this is like labeling a car as ‘tough as a ram’, but by showing readers the beauty in these animals and their existence. In “Am I Blue?” author Alice Walker does exactly this. She tells the story of a horse that lived in the pasture near her home.  She bonded with the animal often feeding him and spending time with him. One day Blue’s - the horse’s - owners brought a female horse to live with him, in hopes that he would impregnate her.  This does indeed happen, and then the female horse is taken away. This seems plenty fine to the people only concerned with the female horse giving birth, however, Walker sees how much this has hurt the male horse. He fell in love and was devastated when he was left alone again. Walker talks about the emotion she sees in the horses’ eyes and how she can tell his is experiencing deep emotional pain. She develops her ideas through anthropomorphism, allowing the reader to connect or relate to the animal in a way they would another person. She talks about how people do not consider animal’s feelings enough, which I believe to be very true. The reader is led to feel incredible sympathy for the horse, something that would not happen without Walkers emotional description of him and his feelings. This led me as a reader to once again question our relationship to animals and how we view them, which made this piece very powerful at conveying a message.

As you can see, there are many different ways people go about fighting for animal rights through literature. Numerous different tactics are used in both advertising as well as public outreach to alter the way we view animals and treat them. Whether animals are depicted in a positive or negative way, it all has an effect on our relationship with them, and our relationship with them affects the rest of the world. Since animals cannot speak, it is our job to be their voice, and that is why communication is so important when it comes to these issues.


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